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孫子兵法三十六計 - 24假道伐虢

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孫子兵法三十六計 - 24假道伐虢

孫子兵法三十六計第二十四計:假道伐虢

「假道伐虢」的「假道」是借路的意思。對於處在敵我兩個強國中的弱國,當敵方逼迫它屈服時,我方立刻出兵援救,借機把軍事力量滲透進去,控制其局面,再乘機發動突然襲擊,就可輕而易舉取得勝利。也可理解作先利用甲做跳板去消滅乙,達到目的後,回過頭來連甲一起消滅掉。

春秋時期,晉國想吞並鄰近的兩個小國;虞和虢,這兩個國家之間關系不錯。晉如襲虞,虢會出兵救援﹔晉若攻虢,虞也會出兵相助。大臣荀息向晉獻公獻上一計。他說,要想攻佔這兩個國家,必須要離間他們,使他們互不支持。虞國的國君貪得無厭,我們正可以投其所好。

他建議晉獻公拿出心愛的兩件寶物,屈產良馬和垂棘之壁,送給虞公。獻公哪裡舍得﹖苟息說;大王放心,只不過讓他暫時保管罷了,等滅了虞國,一切不都又回到你的手中了嗎﹖獻公依計而行。

虞公得到良馬美璧,高興得嘴都合不攏。晉國故意在晉、虢邊境制造事端,找到了伐虢的借口。晉國要求虞國借道讓晉國伐虢,虞公得了晉國的好處,只得答應。虞國大臣宮子奇再三勸說虞公,這件事辦不得的。虞虢兩國,脣齒相依,虢國一亡,脣亡齒寒,晉國是不會放過虞國的。虞公卻說,交一個弱朋友去得罪一個強有力的朋友,那才是傻瓜呢﹗

晉大軍通過虞國道路,攻打虢國,很快就取得了勝利。班師回國時,把劫奪的財產分了許多送給虞公。虞公更是大喜過望。晉軍大將裡克,這時裝病,稱不能帶兵回國,暫時把部隊駐扎在虞國京城附近。虞公毫不懷疑。幾天之後,晉獻公親率大軍前去,虞公出城相迎。獻公約虞公前去打獵。不一會兒,只見京城中起火。虞公趕到城外時,京城已被晉軍裡應外合強佔了。就這樣,晉國又輕而易舉地滅了虞國。

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2009-12-28T09:15:00+0000


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