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認識昏迷指數

格拉斯哥昏迷指數(GCS,Glasgow Coma Scale)於西元1974年由英國格拉斯哥大學的兩位醫師提出,主要用來評估頭部外傷病患的昏迷嚴重程度。 

這項指數在西元1977年做過小幅度修正。因為使用簡單、客觀之評估量表,格拉斯哥昏迷指數在這二十幾年來已經成為全世界評估昏迷程度的主要標準,而其使用範圍也不局限於頭部外傷,如中風等可造成意識障礙的中樞神經系統疾病也大多使用此項指數。

昏迷指數的評估包含睜眼反應、語言反應與運動反應三個部份。

其中睜眼反應若病患自己能張開眼睛得到4分,聽到別人說話而張開眼睛得到3分,若因為檢查者施以疼痛刺激而張開眼睛得2分,完全沒有睜眼反應得1分。

語言反應若對時、地、人等定向問題可以正確回答得5分,若雖可回答問題,但答案錯誤則得4分,若回答文不對題,但仍有語言結構則得3分,若能發出聲音,但無法了解其意思則得2分,若無法發出聲音則得1分。

運動反應若可以遵從口頭指示作動作則得6分,若疼痛刺激時,手腳可向刺激處移動得5分,若疼痛刺激時肢體可回縮得4分,疼痛刺激時肢體呈屈曲反射得3分,疼痛刺激時肢體呈伸張反射得2分,若身體全無運動反應則得1分。

將三個部分分數相加後昏迷指數總分滿分為15分,最低為3分。頭部外傷病患的昏迷指數,如果是13─15分,病情為輕度;9─12分,為中度;8分或更低的話,即是嚴重頭部外傷。
  • Keywords : 若疼痛刺激, 眼睛, 疼痛刺激, 昏迷指數, 指數, 8分, 4分, 3分, 部份, 運動反應三, 語言反應若, 語言反應, 話而, 評估量表, 若回答文不, 肢體呈伸, 聽到, 眼睛得2分, 病情為輕度, 為中度
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2009-01-06T20:24:34+0000


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